Malware is software written to damage a device, steal data, spy on activity, or disrupt normal use. CISA groups threats like ransomware under that umbrella because the point is the same: the software is acting against the user’s interests.
Common types include viruses, ransomware, spyware, and trojans. The practical difference is in the goal: some malware steals information, some encrypts files for ransom, and some hides while it watches or manipulates the system.
That is why malware is a category, not one specific program. Safe habits are boring but effective: keep software updated, avoid unknown downloads, and treat unexpected links as suspicious.
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