Dark energy is the name scientists use for the unknown thing that is making the universe expand faster over time. NASA says the short answer is still ‘we don’t know,’ but observations show the expansion is accelerating, and dark energy seems to make up a very large share of the universe.
That makes dark energy a label for a real effect, not a fully understood substance. Some theories treat it like a kind of negative pressure pushing space outward; others say the explanation could be something else entirely.
The important part is the observation: galaxies are receding from each other faster than they would if gravity were the only big force at work. We can measure the effect even if we cannot yet fully explain it.
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