Weather is the short-term state of the atmosphere. It is the rain, heat, wind, or snow you get today, this week, or even this hour. Climate is the bigger pattern: the average weather a place expects over a long period of time.
That is why a cold day in Chicago does not disprove climate change, and a hot day does not prove it. A single day is weather. A trend over decades is climate.
If weather is the outfit you wear today, climate is the kind of closet your city usually needs. The distinction is mostly about time scale.
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